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What is GERD?
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease or acid-reflux disease or GERD is a condition in which the contents of the stomach reflux backward into the esophagus (food-pipe). Since the stomach contents are acidic in nature, this damages the inner lining of the food pipe and causes symptoms of heartburn, pain, etc.
Some amount of reflux of stomach contents is normal in all individuals but not everyone develops GERD. The main reason behind this is that only in some individuals this refluxed fluid is more acidic and remains in the esophagus for longer duration thus causing GERD. Dietary causes and certain faulty habits are frequently responsible for initiating this condition in individuals who are prone to develop it.
GERD Causes
There are multiple causes responsible for initiating GERD, and different causes may be functioning in different individuals or even in the same individual at different times.
GERD Symptoms
Uncomplicated GERD presents with the following symptoms commonly:
Heartburn: This is the commonest presentation of GERD. Patients often complain of burning pain in the middle of chest region (retrosternal). The pain may also be present in the upper part of the abdomen and sometimes travels up to the throat. Occasionally the pain may be sharp or pressing instead of burning. The pain is worse after meals and can last up to a couple of hours. Symptoms may be worse on lying down.
- Regurgitation: The refluxed stomach contents may come into the throat or mouth and this may occur especially on bending or sleeping. There may be a feeling of ‘something stuck in the throat'.
- A dry cough, hoarseness of voice, bad taste in the mouth are other symptoms caused due to the regurgitation of the food.
- Occasionally patients may develop nausea (though this is not very frequent) and GERD should always be considered in patients who have unexplained nausea.
- In children, the common symptoms are vomiting, coughing and other respiratory problems.
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